National Geographic Magazine/Volume 31/Number 6/The Conversion of Old Newspapers and Candle Ends Into Fuel
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Three of those little rolls of paper, no larger than a spool of silk, saturated with hot paraffin and allowed to cool, will burn without smoke, which within the presence of the enemy is harmful, and will boil a pint of soup in about ten minutes and keep lighted for twenty minutes or half an hour. By supporting the can of soup on pieces of rock and defending the flames from the wind an excellent individual camp meal can be made. In Italy and France girls and youngsters are rolling previous newspapers into tight rolls, pasting down the edges with glue or paste, and boiling them in paraffin to make ration heaters (scalda-rancio) out of them for wifidb.science/wiki/User:TaniaVictor4 the use of the troopers within the trenches in the high capacity pruning tool Alps, the place coal can’t be sent. They’re making them by the million. The Italian National Society furnishes 1½ million a day to the federal government, and the outdated newspapers are being used up for this function so fast that they are becoming scarce, and paraffin has turn into very expensive.


In America there are nonetheless thousands and thousands of candle ends and Wood Ranger Power Shears official site thousands of tons of newspapers scattered over the nation, and it would appear to be properly worth whereas for http://www.interq.or.jp the 1000’s of prepared hands within the homes to transform them into these most useful ration heaters for the boys at the front, or for his or her use next winter in the coaching camps, and even to be used at residence, the place they can take the place of the more expensive solid alcohol or change kindlings within the kitchen stove. It is the simplest factor possible to make ration heaters, or scalda-rancio, as they are referred to as in Italy, if one follows the directions of the National Italian Society. Spread out four newspapers, eight sheets in all, and start rolling at the lengthy edge. Roll as tightly as attainable until the papers are half rolled, then fold back the first three sheets towards the rolled part and continue to wrap around the roll virtually to the primary fold, then fold back another three sheets and continue to wrap across the roll again up to the final margin of the paper.


On this margin, consisting of two sheets, spread a little glue or paste and proceed the rolling, so as to make a compact roll of paper almost like a torch. If six of the sheets will not be turned beneath, there shall be too many edges to glue. While the newspapers may be reduce along the road of the columns before rolling and http://forum.artefakt.cz/ the individual columns rolled separately, as is finished in the making of the trench candles in France, it is less complicated to roll the entire newspaper into an extended roll and then minimize it into brief lengths. A sharp carving knife, a pair of pruning shears, or an old-fashioned hay-cutter will lower the rolls easily. These little rolls should then be boiled for four minutes in sufficient paraffin to cowl them after which taken out and cooled, when they’re ready to be put in baggage and sent to the front. If there are more newspapers than candle ends, block paraffin could be bought for a couple of cents at any grocery or drug retailer.


One source suggests that atgeirr, kesja, and höggspjót all refer to the identical weapon. A more careful studying of the saga texts does not support this concept. The saga text suggests similarities between atgeirr and kesja, that are primarily used for thrusting, and between höggspjót and bryntröll, which were primarily used for slicing. Whatever the weapons might need been, they seem to have been more practical, and used with higher cordless power shears, than a extra typical axe or spear. Perhaps this impression is as a result of these weapons have been typically wielded by saga heros, such as Gunnar and Egill. Yet Hrútr, who used a bryntröll so successfully in Laxdæla saga, was an 80-yr-outdated man and was thought to not current any actual risk. Perhaps examples of those weapons do survive in archaeological finds, Wood Ranger Power Shears USA Wood Ranger Power Shears price buy Wood Ranger Power Shears electric power shears sale however the features that distinguished them to the eyes of a Viking should not so distinctive that we in the fashionable period would classify them as different weapons. A cautious reading of how the atgeir is used in the sagas provides us a tough idea of the scale and form of the head essential to carry out the strikes described.


This size and form corresponds to some artifacts found in the archaeological record which can be often categorized as spears. The saga text additionally offers us clues in regards to the size of the shaft. This information has allowed us to make a speculative reproduction of an atgeir, which now we have used in our Viking combat coaching (right). Although speculative, this work suggests that the atgeir actually is special, the king of weapons, each for range and for attacking prospects, performing above all different weapons. The lengthy attain of the atgeir held by the fighter on the left can be clearly seen, in comparison with the sword and one-hand axe in the fighter on the precise. In chapter 66 of Grettis saga, an enormous used a fleinn towards Grettir, usually translated as “pike”. The weapon can also be referred to as a heftisax, git.ultra.pub a phrase not otherwise identified in the saga literature. In chapter fifty three of Egils saga is a detailed description of a brynþvari (mail scraper), usually translated as “halberd”.